Last Updated: Nov 22, 2022
Quick Links: Table of Contents
- Are Chinese Cresteds Aggressive Towards Strangers?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Aggressive Towards their Owners?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Aggressive Towards other Dogs?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Afraid of Strangers?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Afraid of Other Dogs?
- Do Chinese Cresteds Have Non-Social Fears?
- Do Chinese Cresteds Get Along Well With Other Dogs?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Easy to Train?
- Do Chinese Cresteds Get Along Well with Cats? Do They Get Along Well with Other Pets?
- Do Chinese Cresteds Like Attention? Are they Clingy or Aloof?
- Do Chinese Cresteds have Separation Anxiety? Do They Like to be Left Alone?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Touch Sensitive? Do They Like to be Groomed?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Hyper? Are they Highly Excitable?
- Are Chinese Cresteds Playful? What is the Energy Level of Chinese Cresteds
- Conclusion on Chinese Crested Temperament
Introduction to the Temperament of the Chinese Crested
The are many descriptions of the temperament of the Chinese Crested out there. However, most of these descriptions are difficult to verify or prove. They are based on mere speculations.
In this article, we will provide a factual description of the temperament of the Chinese Crested based on solid scientific research. This will give you a better understanding of what you can expect from the Chinese Crested breed.
We obtained our description of the temperament of Chinese Crested by analyzing raw scientific data from The Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) database.
The C-BARQ dog temperament standard was developed by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania. It is considered the gold standard for measuring the behavior of dogs.
Over the years, the C-BARQ study has collected data on the temperament of thousands of dogs of different breeds including the Chinese Crested.
The C-BARQ study obtains its data by asking dog owners to score the behavior of their dogs on different behavior patterns.
The idea behind the C-BARQ study is that if it collects thousands of scores from thousands of dog owners on different aspects of dog behavior, a clear pattern will emerge on the temperament of different dog breeds.
The C-BARQ questionnaire measures 14 behavior aspects of dogs:
- Aggression towards stranger
- Aggression towards its owner
- Aggression towards other dogs
- How well they get along with other dogs
- Fear of strangers
- Fear of new things (new objects, unfamiliar loud sounds, etc)
- Fear of other dogs
- Separation anxiety
- Clinginess
- Trainability/ Stubbornness
- Prey drive
- Excitability
- Touch sensitivity
- Energy level
In this article, we will discuss the score of the Chinese Crested for each of these 14 characteristics. This will let you know the real temperament of the Chinese Crested.
The summary table below shows the score of the Chinese Crested for the different behavioral characteristics.
High percentage scores close to 100 are bad. Low percentage scores close to 0 are good.
Behavior | Score |
---|---|
Stranger Directed Fear | 94.1 percent |
Separation Related Behavior | 91.1 percent |
Dog Directed Fear | 87.8 percent |
Dog Directed Aggression | 87.0 percent |
Dog Rivalry | 81.6 percent |
Attachment Attention Seeking | 64.7 percent |
Nonsocial Fear | 57.4 percent |
Stranger Directed Aggression | 53.4 percent |
Energy Level | 48.1 percent |
Excitability | 45.6 percent |
Touch Sensitivity | 39.7 percent |
Stubbornness | 37.3 percent |
Prey Drive | 26.2 percent |
Owner Directed Aggression | 22.1 percent |
Note that with proper training, you can better your Chinese Crested`s temperament. To learn how to properly train your Chinese Crested, I highly recommend that you go through Dr. Ian Dunbar`s online dog training classes, which you can find here.
I learned most of the things that I know about training dogs by reading Dr. Dunbar`s books and watching his training videos. Dr. Dunbar`s dog training methods are for people expecting to own a puppy soon, new dog owners, and experienced dog owners.
Another helpful online dog training class that I recommend is this one. The class will teach you how to properly train your Chinese Crested.
See also our complete ranking of dog breeds from the `best` to the `worst` based on temperament.
Are Chinese Cresteds Aggressive Towards Strangers?
Dog breeds that are aggressive to strangers show hostile responses to strangers approaching or invading the dog`s or the dog owner`s personal space, territory, or home range.
Stranger-aggressive dog breeds are quick to show aggression to unfamiliar people.
Typical signs of moderate aggression in dogs include barking, growling, and baring of teeth. More serious display of aggression generally includes snapping, lunging, biting, or attempting to bite.
Chinese Cresteds are very much aggressive towards strangers.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high for aggression towards strangers.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 19 out of 124 dog breeds for aggression towards strangers.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a stranger-directed-aggression score of 53.4 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much aggressive towards strangers just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Stranger-Directed-Aggression Rank | Breed | Stranger-Directed-Aggression Score |
---|---|---|
16 | Australian Cattle Dog | 58.6 % |
17 | Rat Terrier | 56.3 % |
18 | Kuvasz | 53.6 % |
19 | Chinese Crested | 53.4 % |
20 | Yorkshire Terrier | 52.6 % |
21 | Belgian Sheepdog | 52.4 % |
22 | Schipperke | 52.3 % |
The dog breeds that are most aggressive towards strangers are the:
The dog breeds that are least aggressive towards strangers are the:
Usually, small dog breeds display aggression not because they are mean but because they are afraid and feel insecure due to their small size.
Are Chinese Cresteds Aggressive Towards their Owners?
Due to human effort over the course of many centuries, the dog has become a very domestic animal. Dogs have learned to live well with humans. As a result, dogs respect and love their owners. Nevertheless, some dog breeds are less respectful to their owners than some other dog breeds.
Owner-aggressive dog breeds show threatening or hostile responses to their owner or other members of the household when challenged, manhandled, stared at, stepped over, or when approached while in possession of food, objects, or toys.
A dog that is owner-aggressive shows its aggression by barking, growling, and baring of teeth. In extreme cases, these dogs can snap, lunge, bite, or attempt to bite their owners.
Chinese Cresteds are quite a bit aggressive towards their owners.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks high for aggression towards its owner.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 42 out of 124 dog breeds for aggression towards their owners.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has an owner-directed-aggression score of 22.1 %.
Other dog breeds that are quite a bit owner-aggressive just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Owner-Directed-Aggression Rank | Breed | Owner-Directed-Aggression Score |
---|---|---|
39 | Bulldog | 23.1 % |
40 | Fox Terrier (Wire/Wire-haired) | 22.8 % |
41 | Saint Bernard | 22.6 % |
42 | Chinese Crested | 22.1 % |
43 | English Springer Spaniel | 21.9 % |
44 | Newfoundland | 21.2 % |
45 | Samoyed | 20.9 % |
The dog breeds that show the most aggression towards their owners are the:
The dog breeds that are least aggressive towards their owners are the:
Usually, small dog breeds display aggression not because they are mean but because they are afraid and feel insecure due to their small size.
Are Chinese Cresteds Aggressive Towards other Dogs?
Dogs that are aggressive towards other dogs will direct aggressive threats or actions toward unknown or unfamiliar dogs.
A dog-aggressive dog will threaten or show hostile responses when approached by unfamiliar dogs
A dog that is dog-aggressive shows its aggression by barking, growling, and baring of teeth. In extreme cases, these dogs can snap, lunge, bite, or attempt to bite other dogs.
Chinese Cresteds are very much aggressive towards other dogs.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high for aggression towards other dogs.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 3 out of 124 dog breeds for aggression towards other dogs.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a dog-directed aggression score of 87.0 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much dog-aggressive just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Dog-Directed-Aggression Rank | Breed | Dog-Directed-Aggression Score |
---|---|---|
1 | American Eskimo Dog | 100.0 % |
2 | Parson Russell Terrier | 90.2 % |
3 | Chinese Crested | 87.0 % |
4 | Pit Bull mix | 83.4 % |
5 | Dachshund | 81.3 % |
6 | Akita | 80.9 % |
The dog breeds that show the most aggression towards other dogs are the:
The dog breeds that are least aggressive towards other dogs are the:
Usually, small dog breeds display aggression not because they are mean but because they are afraid and feel insecure due to their small size.
Are Chinese Cresteds Afraid of Strangers?
Some dogs breeds tend to be fearful of strangers.
Dogs that are fearful of strangers will avoid strangers. These dogs will crouch, cringe, or tremble when approached by strangers.
Extreme fear in dogs is characterized by serious attempts to escape or hide from the feared stranger.
Chinese Cresteds are very much fearful of strangers.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high for fear of strangers.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 2 out of 124 dog breeds for fear of strangers.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a stranger-directed-fear score of 94.1 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much stranger-fearful just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Stranger-Directed-Fear Rank | Breed | Stranger-Directed-Fear Score |
---|---|---|
1 | Dachshund (Miniature) | 100.0 % |
2 | Chinese Crested | 94.1 % |
3 | American Eskimo Dog | 82.5 % |
4 | Italian Greyhound | 80.9 % |
5 | Chihuahua | 80.6 % |
The dog breeds that show the most fear of strangers are the:
The dog breeds that are least fearful of strangers are the:
Are Chinese Cresteds Afraid of Other Dogs?
Some dogs breeds tend to show fear when an unfamiliar dog approaches them.
A dog that is fearful of other dogs will try to avoid meeting other dogs.
Chinese Cresteds are very much fearful of other dogs.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high for fear of other dogs.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 3 out of 124 dog breeds for fear of other dogs.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a dog-directed-fear score of 87.8 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much other-dog-fearful just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Dog-Directed-Fear Rank | Breed | Dog-Directed-Fear Score |
---|---|---|
1 | Dachshund (Miniature) | 100.0 % |
2 | Fox Terrier (Toy) | 93.3 % |
3 | Chinese Crested | 87.8 % |
4 | Chihuahua | 85.8 % |
5 | Lhasa Apso | 77.9 % |
6 | Basenji | 76.5 % |
The dog breeds that are most fearful of other dogs are the:
The dog breeds that are least fearful of other dogs are the:
Do Chinese Cresteds Have Non-Social Fears?
Dogs that are fearful of sudden or loud noises, traffic, and unfamiliar objects and situations are said to exhibit nonsocial fear.
Chinese Cresteds are very much fearful of unfamiliar sounds, situations, and objects.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high for non-social fear.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 12 out of 124 dog breeds for being fearful of unfamiliar things and situations.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a nonsocial-fear score of 57.4 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much nonsocial-fearful just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Nonsocial-Fear Rank | Breed | Nonsocial-Fear Score |
---|---|---|
9 | American Bulldog | 62.7 % |
10 | Rat Terrier | 61.6 % |
11 | Redbone Coonhound | 59.3 % |
12 | Chinese Crested | 57.4 % |
13 | Greyhound | 56.1 % |
14 | Saint Bernard | 54.0 % |
15 | Cairn Terrier | 53.5 % |
The dog breeds that are most fearful of unfamiliar situations and objects are the:
The dog breeds that are least fearful of unfamiliar situations and objects are the:
Do Chinese Cresteds Get Along Well With Other Dogs?
Some dog breeds display high dog rivalry. These dog breeds will threaten or act hostile to other familiar dogs in the same household.
These dog breeds will compete with other dogs. Also, these dog breeds do not get along well with other dogs.
Chinese Cresteds are very much competitive when dealing with other dogs.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high on dog rivalry.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 8 out of 124 dog breeds for displaying dog rivalry when dealing with familiar dogs.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a dog-rivalry score of 81.6 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much competition-driven just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Dog-Rivalry Rank | Breed | Dog-Rivalry Score |
---|---|---|
5 | Treeing Walker Coonhound | 89.3 % |
6 | Lhasa Apso | 85.6 % |
7 | Pekingese | 85.0 % |
8 | Chinese Crested | 81.6 % |
9 | Basenji | 79.7 % |
10 | Alaskan Malamute | 77.4 % |
11 | Fox Terrier (Wire/Wire-haired) | 74.9 % |
The dog breeds that do not get along well with other dogs are the:
The dog breeds that get along well with other dogs are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds based on how well they get along with other dog breeds.
Are Chinese Cresteds Easy to Train?
Dogs have high trainability have the willingness to listen to their owner. These dogs are not stubborn. These dogs obey simple commands, and they learn very quickly.
Highly trainable dogs excel at fetching objects. They also respond positively to correction and ignore distraction.
Chinese Cresteds are somewhat easy to train.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks average for trainability.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 68 out of 124 dog breeds for easiness to train.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the trainability of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a trainability score of 62.7 %.
Other dog breeds that are somewhat easy to train just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Trainability Rank | Breed | Trainability Score |
---|---|---|
65 | Chow Chow | 64.4 % |
66 | West Highland White Terrier | 63.9 % |
67 | American Bulldog | 63.1 % |
68 | Chinese Crested | 62.7 % |
69 | Akita | 62.5 % |
70 | Kuvasz | 62.4 % |
71 | Boston Terrier | 62.1 % |
The dog breeds that are most easy to train are the:
The dog breeds that are difficult to train are the:
Learn more about how intelligent the Chinese Crested is and how the intelligence of the Chinese Crested affects its trainability in this article on how smart the Chinese Crested is.
Do Chinese Cresteds Get Along Well with Cats? Do They Get Along Well with Other Pets?
Dog breeds that have high chase-drive will run after (chase) cats, birds, and/or other small animals, given the opportunity.
Chinese Cresteds are not into chasing after other smaller pets like cats, squirrels, chickens, and birds.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very low for small-pet-chasing.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 111 out of 124 dog breeds for chasing after smaller pets.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a chasing score of 26.2 %.
Other dog breeds that are not into chasing after smaller pets just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Chasing Rank | Breed | Chasing Score |
---|---|---|
108 | Shetland Sheepdog | 27.1 % |
109 | Saint Bernard | 27.0 % |
110 | Chihuahua | 26.5 % |
111 | Chinese Crested | 26.2 % |
112 | French Bulldog | 25.1 % |
113 | English Bulldog | 24.0 % |
114 | Collie | 23.9 % |
The dog breeds that like chasing after cats and other smaller pets are the:
The dog breeds that will not chase after cats and other smaller pets are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds based on their prey drive.
Do Chinese Cresteds Like Attention? Are they Clingy or Aloof?
Some dog breeds like to stay close to their owners all the time. These dogs like attention, and they like to receive the affection of their owners.
These dogs get jealous when their owners give attention to other dogs or other people instead of them.
Dogs with these traits are described as attachment/attention-seeking.
Chinese Cresteds are quite a bit attachment/attention-seeking.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks high for attachment/attention-seeking behavior.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 37 out of 124 dog breeds for attachment/attention-seeking behavior.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has an attachment/attention-seeking score of 64.7 %.
Other dog breeds that are quite a bit attachment/attention-seeking just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Attachment-Attention-Seeking Rank | Breed | Attachment-Attention-Seeking Score |
---|---|---|
34 | Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 66.5 % |
35 | Belgian Sheepdog | 65.5 % |
36 | Portuguese Water Dog | 65.1 % |
37 | Chinese Crested | 64.7 % |
38 | Pomeranian | 64.4 % |
39 | Jack Russell Terrier | 64.4 % |
40 | Flat-Coated Retriever | 63.2 % |
The dog breeds that are always seeking the attention of their owners are the:
The dog breeds that are aloof are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds based on their clinginess.
Do Chinese Cresteds have Separation Anxiety? Do They Like to be Left Alone?
Dog breeds that have separation anxiety do not like to be left alone.
These dog breeds tend to bark and destroy things when separated from their owners.
They become restless or lose their appetite when left alone.
Chinese Cresteds are very much prone to developing separation anxiety.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks very high for separation anxiety relative to other dog breeds.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 3 out of 124 dog breeds for separation anxiety.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a separation anxiety score of 91.1 %.
Other dog breeds that are very much prone to develop separation anxiety just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Separation-Related-Behavior Rank | Breed | Separation-Related-Behavior Score |
---|---|---|
1 | Treeing Walker Coonhound | 100.0 % |
2 | Fox Terrier (Smooth) | 93.9 % |
3 | Chinese Crested | 91.1 % |
4 | Miniature Pinscher | 87.8 % |
5 | Australian Silky Terrier | 81.3 % |
6 | Dachshund (Miniature) | 80.8 % |
The dog breeds that are most prone to develop separation anxiety are listed below. These dog breeds do not like to be left alone. These dog breeds are the:
- Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Fox Terrier (Smooth)
- Chinese Crested
- Miniature Pinscher
- Australian Silky Terrier
The dog breeds that are least prone to develop separation anxiety are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds based on their tendency to develop separation anxiety.
Are Chinese Cresteds Touch Sensitive? Do They Like to be Groomed?
Dogs that are touch-sensitive are fearful of `painful` procedures such as bathing, grooming, nail clipping, and veterinary examinations.
These dogs do not like going through these `painful` procedures, and they will react to show they do not like the procedure.
Chinese Cresteds are quite a bit touch-sensitive.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks high for touch sensitivity.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 30 out of 124 dog breeds for touch sensitivity.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has a touch-sensitivity score of 39.7 %.
Other dog breeds that are quite a bit touch-sensitive just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Touch-Sensitivity Rank | Breed | Touch-Sensitivity Score |
---|---|---|
27 | Pit Bull | 41.1 % |
28 | Shih Tzu | 40.8 % |
29 | Australian Cattle Dog | 40.0 % |
30 | Chinese Crested | 39.7 % |
31 | Alaskan Husky | 39.6 % |
32 | Lhasa Apso | 39.0 % |
33 | Poodle (Miniature) | 38.9 % |
The dog breeds that are most touch-sensitive are the:
The dog breeds that are least touch-sensitive are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds based on their sensitivity to touch.
Are Chinese Cresteds Hyper? Are they Highly Excitable?
Excitable dog or hyper dog breeds display strong reactions to potentially exciting or arousing events, such as:
- going for walks
- car trips
- sound of the doorbell
- arrival of visitors, and
- the owner arriving home
Highly excitable dog breeds have difficulty settling down after arousal.
Chinese Cresteds are somewhat hyper (excitable).
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks average for excitability.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 59 out of 124 dog breeds for excitability.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has an excitability score of 45.6 %.
Other dog breeds that are somewhat excitable just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Excitability Rank | Breed | Excitability Score |
---|---|---|
56 | Flat-Coated Retriever | 46.7 % |
57 | Poodle (Standard) | 46.1 % |
58 | Cairn Terrier | 45.7 % |
59 | Chinese Crested | 45.6 % |
60 | Havanese | 45.2 % |
61 | Cocker Spaniel (English) | 45.2 % |
62 | Labrador Retriever | 45.0 % |
The dog breeds that are most hyper (excitable) are the:
- Australian Silky Terrier
- Fox Terrier (Smooth)
- American Eskimo Dog
- Parson Russell Terrier
- Miniature Schnauzer
The dog breeds that are least hyper (excitable) are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds based on how hyper they are.
Are Chinese Cresteds Playful? What is the Energy Level of Chinese Cresteds
Energetic dog breeds are very playful dog breeds. These are the dog breeds that do not get tired easily.
Chinese Cresteds are a little bit energetic.
This is because the Chinese Crested ranks low for energy level.
The Chinese Crested ranks number 84 out of 124 dog breeds for energy level.
This information is based on what 15 Chinese Crested owners reported on the temperament of their Chinese Crested in a research survey.
Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Chinese Crested has an energy-level score of 48.1 %.
Other dog breeds that are a little bit energetic just like the Chinese Crested are listed in the table below
Energy-Level Rank | Breed | Energy-Level Score |
---|---|---|
81 | Chihuahua | 50.3 % |
82 | Chinese Shar-Pei | 48.3 % |
83 | Shih Tzu | 48.3 % |
84 | Chinese Crested | 48.1 % |
85 | Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 47.6 % |
86 | Bouvier des Flandres | 47.3 % |
87 | Saint Bernard | 46.7 % |
The dog breeds that are most playful and most energetic are the:
The dog breeds that are laziest are the:
See our complete ranking of dog breeds from the most energetic to the least energetic.
Conclusion on Chinese Crested Temperament
The temperament of your Chinese Crested comes from a combination of its genetics and what environment your Chinese Crested is exposed to.
You cannot change your Chinese Crested`s gene but you can change the things you expose your Chinese Crested to.
Exposing your Chinese Crested to dog training sessions early in its life can help you mold the temperament of your Chinese Crested to what you desire.
Again, with proper training, you can better your Chinese Crested`s temperament. To learn how to properly train a dog, I highly recommend Dr. Ian Dunbar`s online dog training classes, which you can find here.
I learned most of the things I know about training dogs by reading Dr. Dunbar`s books and watching his training videos. Dr. Dunbar`s dog training methods are for people expecting to own a puppy soon, new dog owners, and experienced dog owners.
Another helpful online dog training class that I recommend is this one. The class will teach you how to properly train your Chinese Crested.
If you think the Chinese Crested is the right dog breed for you, see our article on how much Chinese Cresteds cost and Chinese Crested puppy buying guide.
Also, see our list of reputable Chinese Crested breeders in the United States and the prices of their Chinese Crested puppies.